Here is an overview of the available lists which are existing in Latex. And which packages are needed.
With the package acro you can create a list of abbreviations as well as a list of acronyms. You must, however, pay attention to which version of the acro package is used.
With version 2.x
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{acro}
\DeclareAcronym{eg}{
short = e.g,
long = for example,
class = abbrev}
\DeclareAcronym{ASAP}{
short = ASAP,
long = as soon as possible,
class = acronym}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\printacronyms[name=Abbreviations, include-classes=abbrev]
\printacronyms[name=Acronyms, include-classes=acronym]
%...
\ac{ASAP} and \ac{eg}
\end{document}
With version 3.x
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{acro}
\DeclareAcronym{eg}{
short = e.g,
long = for example,
tag = abbrev}
\DeclareAcronym{ASAP}{
short = ASAP,
long = as soon as possible,
tag = acronym}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\printacronyms[name=Abbreviations, include=abbrev]
\printacronyms[name=Acronyms, include=acronym]
%...
\ac{ASAP} and \ac{eg}
\end{document}
The same solution as for the abbreviations (please see above).
With the package algorithm a list of algorithms can be inserted. The package provides the environment algorithm and the command \listofalgorithms.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{algorithm}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\listofalgorithms
%...
\begin{algorithm}
\ldots \\
\ldots \\
\ldots \\
\ldots \\
\ldots \\
\caption{Example}
\end{algorithm}
%...
\end{document}
If you want to change the label, use the command \floatname{algorithm}{New Label}.
In the following example, the title is changed from List of Algorithms to List of Pseudocode.
\renewcommand{\listalgorithmname}{List of Pseudocode}
The command \tableofcontents inserts a table of contents. An additional package is not necessary.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
%...
\section{Introduction}
%...
\end{document}
To add images to the list of figures the image is placed in a figure environment, the caption is done with the caption command. With the command \listoffigures the list of figures is inserted at the desired position. An additional package is not necessary.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{graphicx}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\listoffigures
%...
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{picture_name}
\caption{Caption}
\label{fig:my_label}
\end{figure}
%...
\end{document}
A List of Listings (named Listings) can be created using the listings package. By \renewcommand{\lstlistlistingname}{List of Listings} the title can be renamed to List of Listings.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{listings}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\renewcommand{\lstlistlistingname}{List of Listings}
\lstlistoflistings
%...
\begin{lstlisting}[caption={A listing}]
Some source code
\end{lstlisting}
%...
\end{document}
To add a tabular to the list of tables the tabular is placed in a table environment, the caption is done with the caption command. With the command \listoftables the list of tables is inserted at the desired position. An additional package is not necessary.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\listoftables
%...
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lrc}
A & B & C \\
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Caption}
\label{tab:my_label}
\end{table}
%...
\end{document}
With the thmtools package, a list of theorems can be created. The list can be renamed by an option of the \listoftheorems[title= New name] command.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{thmtools}
%...
\newtheorem{defn}{Name?}
\newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\listoftheorems[ignoreall,show={theo,defn}]
%...
\begin{defn}
...definition...
\end{defn}
%...
\begin{theo}
... theo...
\end{theo}
%...
\end{document}
With the help of the todonotes package a list of todos can be created. This list has as title Todo list. The list can be renamed by an option of the \listoftodos command.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{todonotes}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\listoftodos[List of Todos]
Some senseless Text
\todo{Make me happy\ldots}
%...
\end{document}
By using the chemstyle package a List of Schemes can be created. The list can be renamed by \renewcommand{\listschemename}{new name of the list}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage{chemstyle}
%...
\begin{document}
%...
\listofschemes
%...
\begin{scheme}
\includegraphics{scheme image}
\caption{Caption}
\end{scheme}
%...
\end{document}
The listofsymbols package provides a list of symbolys. The list can be renamed by \renewcommand{\symheadingname}{new name}.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%...
\usepackage[]{listofsymbols}
\begin{document}
\opensymdef %
\newsym[Speed of light]{symc}{c}
\closesymdef %
%...
\listofsymbols
%...
Nothing is faster than light, the speed of light \symc is
%...
\end{document}